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Commit 956ed734 authored by Jan Diederik van Wees's avatar Jan Diederik van Wees
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changes for docs and doublet.py for outputting inj_temp, prd_temp and pos4npvpvalues

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docs/images/pos.png

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@@ -12,9 +12,10 @@ The following CAPEX and OPEX items are included in the cashflow model:

## Well costs 

The well costs are calculated based on the top depth of the reservoir *z<sub>top</sub>*
The well costs are calculated based for each of the two wells based
on the top depth of the reservoir *z<sub>top</sub>*

*CAPEX<sub>wells</sub> [€] = wscale ∙ ( wc0 + wc1 ∙ scurve ∙ z<sub>top</sub>[m] + wc2 ∙ (scurve ∙ z<sub>top</sub>)^2 [m^2] )*
*CAPEX<sub>wells</sub> [€] = 2* wscale ∙ ( wc0 + wc1 ∙ scurve ∙ z<sub>top</sub>[m] + wc2 ∙ (scurve ∙ z<sub>top</sub>)^2 [m^2] )*

The scurve is a scaling factor for deviated wells, which is used to account for the curvature of the well trajectory, 
i.e.  for deviated and horizontal well layouts scurve is larger than 1, and for vertical wells it is equal to 1. 
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# Basement and magmatic resources


## basement rocks

Basement (and crystalline) rocks are typically characterized by neglegible primary porosity and permeability, 

Primary permeability is typically less than 1 mD, and often less than 0.1 mD, which 
means that they are not suitable for geothermal energy production based on natural flow.

However faults and fracture (networks and zones) can provide permeable path-ways for geothermal fluids, 
and can be exploited for geothermal energy production. 

It appears that the fracture density and aperture size are the most important parameters for geothermal energy production in basement rocks.
The fracture density is typically defined as the number of fractures per unit volume, and the aperture size is the width of the fractures.
The fracture density and aperture size can vary significantly depending on the geological history and tectonic setting of the area.


## magmatic rocks

Magmatic rocks can also be considered as basement rocks, albeit with a different origin and mineralogy.
In the context of geothermal energy production, magmatic rocks are often characterized by high temperatures 
and can have significant (tectonically active) fracture  and fault networks. 
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# Geothermal Resource

In pyThermoGIS we consider reservoirs with natural permeability.
These can be sedimentary rocks and (fractured) basement/magmatic geothermal reservoirs.

- [Sedimentary rocks](sedimentary_basin.md): These are typically characterized by their stratigraphy, 
lithology, and for clastic rocks are often marked by primary (matrix pore space related) porosity and permeability,
whereas carbonate rocks are often characterized by secondary porosity and permeability due to dissolution and fracturing.
- [Fractured basement/magmatic rocks](bsmtmagm.md): Flow characteristics are often related by their fracture networks, 
which can significantly influence fluid flow. 

## Geothermal Resource Parameters
The geothermal resource parameters include:
The geothermal resource parameters 
based on (upscaling) of resource parameters based on resource type 
and should include:

- Aquifer top depth *ztop^*: The depth at which the geothermal resource is located, typically measured in meters below ground level.
- Aquifer thickness *H*: The vertical extent of the geothermal resource, which can influence the amount of heat available.
- Temperature *Taq*: The temperature of the geothermal resource, which is a critical factor in determining its energy potential.
- Reservoir flow properties *k* and *por*: These include permeability and porosity, which determine how easily fluids can move through the reservoir and how much fluid can be stored.
- Reservoir flow properties *k* and *por*: These include permeability and porosity
- Salinity *s*: The concentration of dissolved salts in the geothermal fluid, which influence temperature (and pressure) 
dependent properties such as density and viscosity.

@@ -17,8 +27,8 @@ of values to account for uncertainties in the reservoir properties.

| Technical parameter             | symbol | value                       | unit       |
|---------------------------------|--------|-----------------------------|------------|
| Aquifer/fault top depth         | ztop   | varies                      | m          |
| Aquifer/fault thickness         | H      | 10-500                      | m          |
| Aquifer/fracture zone top depth | ztop   | varies                      | m          |
| Aquifer/fracture zone thickness | H      | 10-500                      | m          |
| aquifer net-to-gross            | Ng     | 1                           | -          |
| aquifer porosity                | por    | 0.05-0.4                    | -          |
| aquifer permeability            | k      | fixed or f(porosity)        | millidarcy |
@@ -43,11 +53,3 @@ where z is top depth and H thickness of the aquifer, both in m
In the Netherlands aquifers with salinities up to 180,000 ppm do not give any problems in production. 



## Geothermal Resource Types
The required parameters for sedimentary rocks and (fractured) basement/magmatic geothermal reservoir  are similar but need to be based on different characterization approaches

- [Sedimentary rocks](sedimentary_basin.md): These are typically characterized by their stratigraphy, lithology, and structural features. The parameters include reservoir depth, thickness, temperature, permeability, porosity, and brine composition.
- [Fractured basement/magmatic rocks](bsmtmagm.md): These reservoirs are often characterized by their fracture networks, which can significantly influence fluid flow. The parameters include reservoir depth, fracture density, aperture size, temperature, permeability, porosity, and brine composition.
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